During my morning commute to work, I tune in to the Morning Rush with Robert Rees, a local radio show in the Bloomington/Normal area of central Illinois, where I live and work.
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| Robert Rees (Photo courtesy TheRobertRees) |
I should note here that I'll be quoting Robert throughout this essay, and I want to make clear that the quotes are taken directly from podcasts posted to Cities 92.9. If you find the quotes to be slightly incoherent, I assure you it isn't due to my translation, Robert just tends to ramble incoherently.
I tuned in to Cities on March 27th of this year to hear Robert ranting - as he often does - about global warming. You see, Robert thinks like many on the right that anthropogenic global warming (AGW) is a hoax, despite an overwhelming consensus to the contrary among tens of thousands of climate scientists worldwide. Let that sink in for a moment; the vast majority of the world's experts in climate science (about 97% last time I checked) say the Earth is warming due to human activities, and Robert says their wrong. What expertise does Robert bring to the table in defense of his position? Well, according to his biography, two years as a missionary in the Philippines right out of high school, followed by a string of failed business ventures, followed by a radio career that has culminated in slinging right wing talking points. He claims he's not anti-science, but what else would he have us call someone who denies 150 plus years of climate science, and regularly attacks the integrity of the scientists that have produced that science?
So, what was the source of this particular rant by Robert? Well, it was an article that appeared in the Daily Mail, which is a conservative British tabloid. That article referenced a newly released climate study by posting the following headline:
Is this finally proof we're NOT causing global warming? The whole of the Earth heated up in medieval times without CO2 emissions, says new study
That headline grabbed a lot of attention among both science deniers and scientists, but for completely different reasons. Science deniers, like Robert, found solace in a headline that seemed to vindicate their ideological position. Actual climate scientists knew better, and so did I, but that didn't stop this Fox affiliate, and many others, from uncritically passing this headline off to conservative households nationwide. What follows is the story of how Robert Rees chose to pass that story along on his show, which unfortunately for him, was being broadcast from my radio.
As I tuned in that morning, Robert was complaining about a new EPA regulation that would require future power plants to capture and store emitted CO2:
"Look at the AP, how they're just spinning this story. The first limits ever on heat trapping pollution. Heat trap that, what does that even mean? What does that word even, what does that phrase even mean? Heat trapping pollution? That doesn't even make any sense. Uh, pollution is usually something that is dirty, right? Something that is dirty and is bogging up the atmosphere. Well this is heat trapping pollution, hmm. So it's pollution that dirties up the atmosphere, that also traps heat, ok. Is that what we're talking about? Alright, well, here's the problem. They're talking about carbon dioxide. How the freak is carbon dioxide bad for the atmosphere? Oh, well it's heat trapping. Yeah, but it's not pollution, so leave it alone. It's good for the plants, and vegetation, and trees. Ugh."Notice how Robert calls it spin to identify CO2 as heat trapping pollution, but fails to recognize that inventing his own definition for pollution - so that it fits into his right wing narrative - is spin. I checked with multiple sources for a definition of pollution, and nowhere was it limited to things that are "bad for the atmosphere". Most 5th graders could identify the flaws in that definition. It's not the atmosphere we're concerned about Robert, it's how changes to that atmosphere affect the health and welfare of living things, which is why the EPA's definition makes much more sense than yours does:
"Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odour in harmful amounts. That is, amounts which could be harmful to the health or comfort of humans and animals or which could cause damage to plants and materials." - EPA
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| Keeling Curve |
Robert continued his rant about the EPA regulation, complaining that it was going to increase production costs of electricity, thereby increasing the cost of electricity to consumers, and make it harder for new start up companies. On these points, Robert was correct. Nobody that I'm aware of on the pro AGW side of things (Earth lickers, according to Robert) argues that mitigating CO2 won't raise prices on energy. The argument is that not mitigating will cost much, much more in the long run. Demagogues like Robert don't acknowledge that argument, because then they'd have to address the fact that their position of doing nothing is actually the more costly one.
During his rant, things took a very bizarre turn when Robert took a call from a listener named Ed. I didn't expect much from an audience receptive to Robert's demagoguery, but nothing prepared me for the level of ignorance displayed by the conversation that followed. Ed claimed the CO2 collected would just end up leaking anyway, which would lead to a massive oasis at the source of the leak, and then, liberals would start complaining about all the moisture that would presumably come about by this massive bit of plant growth. And just when I thought things couldn't possibly get any more ridiculous, Robert laughed as he anticipated watermelons as big as houses due to all that CO2 in and around the cave where the CO2 is stored. This was the first time I can recall facepalming while driving (FWD). Scary stuff.
"There is a new study that has come out to show, once again, global warming is not man made"I was surprised to hear Robert make this statement, especially with the inclusion of the phrase "once again" as though other studies exist that cast doubt on the human contribution to global warming. They don't exist, of course, which means Robert was confused, or lying, or both.
"We have the NASA that has shown studies that came out last year that shows that the rising temperature of the Earth is only gone up like 0.3 degrees fahrenheit, and that's not enough for man to be affecting it"I don't think Robert understands that the amount of the rise in temperature is irrelevant as to whether the rise is being caused by humans. What humans control is the amount of CO2 they add to the atmosphere, it's simple physics after that.
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| John Tyndall |
Lucky for those of us who do judiciously study discernible reality, NASA has put together an excellent resource about climate change. Highly visible across the top of their page are 5 areas in which climate change has had an effect. One of those categories is global temperature, which according to NASA, has increased by 1.5 degrees fahrenheit since 1880. The only mention of a temperature change near 0.3 degrees (as mentioned by Robert), is the top 700 meters of the ocean, which has increased by this amount since 1969. Nowhere on NASA's site do they mention anything about those amounts being too small for man to have contributed. Interestingly, what they do say is this:
"The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is very likely human-induced and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented in the past 1,300 years."One would think that NASA would be aware of the results of their own studies, so it seems odd that their conclusion should be so much different from the one Robert presented. So either NASA is lying, or Robert is. I'll leave it to the reader to draw their own conclusion.
Then Robert goes on to talk about the study described in the Daily Mail's article:
"The medieval warm period according to Zunli Lu at Syracuse University in New York state has said that approximately 500,000 years ago there was a warming of the planet and it wasn't just in Europe. Now, the current IPCC says that the Medieval warm period was confined to just Europe, therefore the warming we're experiencing now is a man made phenomenon caused by carbon dioxide." Well, professor Lu from Syracuse has shown that this isn't true. He says the evidence lies within a rare mineral called ikaite."There are a number of things factually wrong with Robert's statement, which I'll address one at a time:
First, the medieval warm period was a period of increased warming in some parts of the globe, most notably, in the Northern Atlantic region. This warming occurred between the years of 950 CE and 1100 CE, which was closer to 900 years ago, not 500,000.
Second, the IPCC report does not say that the medieval warm period was confined to just Europe. What it does say is this:
"The uncertainties associated with present palaeoclimate estimates of NH (Northern Hemisphere) mean temperatures is significant, especially for the period prior to 1600 when data are scarce (Mann et al., 1999; Briffa and Osborn, 2002; Cook et al., 2004a). However, figure 6.10 shows that the warmest period prior to the 20th century occurred between 950 and 1100, but temperatures were probably between 0.1 C and 0.2 C below the 1961 to 1990 mean and significantly below the level shown by instrumental data after 1980."
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| Figure 6.10 |
"In order to reduce the uncertainty, further work is necessary to update existing records, many of which were assembled up to 20 years ago, and to produce many more, especially early, palaeoclimate series with much wider geographic coverage. There are far from sufficient data to make any meaningful estimates of global medieval warmth (figure 6.11). There are very few long records with temporal resolution data from the oceans, the tropics or the SH (Southern Hemisphere)."
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| Figure 6.11 |
"The evidence currently available indicates that NH mean temperatures during the medieval times (950 - 1100) were indeed warm in a 2-kyr context and even warmer in relation to the less sparse but still limited evidence of widespread average cool conditions in the 17th century (Osborn and Briffa, 2006). However, the evidence is not sufficient to support a conclusion that hemispheric mean temperatures were as warm, or the extent of warm regions as expansive, as those in the 20th century as a whole, during any period in the medieval times (Jones et al., 2001; Bradley et al., 2003a,b; Osborn and Briffa, 2006)."In other words, the IPCC report acknowledges a high level of uncertainty about the global extent of the medieval warm period, and because of that uncertainty, suggests more study is necessary. Despite Robert's conservative spin, that doesn't translate into this:
"the current IPCC says that the Medieval warm period was confined to just Europe, therefore the warming we're experiencing now is a man made phenomenon caused by carbon dioxide"There is a translation for Robert's statement though, it's called a misrepresentation of fact. Some might even call it a lie.
And there's something else that should be understood about the medieval warm period: there are known mechanisms for that warming. Scientists have evidence of increased solar output, less volcanic activity, and changes in ocean circulation that all occurred during the Medieval Warming Period, all of which can contribute to a warming effect without greenhouse gases. So even if the warming was global, which evidence suggests it was not, it still wouldn't discount the effect of greenhouse gases on today's warming.
And finally, Robert did what many right wing outlets did, he misrepresented Zunli Lu's research paper:
"Well, professor Lu from Syracuse has shown that this isn't true. He says the evidence lies within a rare mineral called ikaite. What they found is that the entire earth heated up, not just Europe during the warming phase of the medieval period."When Zunli Lu discovered that his research was being misrepresented by right wing media outlets, he posted the following statement on the Syracuse University website:
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| Zunli Lu |
Several of these media articles assert that our study claims the entire Earth heated up during medieval times without human CO2 emissions. We clearly state in our paper that we studied one site at the Antarctic Peninsula. The results should not be extrapolated to make assumptions about climate conditions across the entire globe. Other statements, such as the study "throws doubt on orthodoxies around global warming," completely misrepresent our conclusions. Our study does not question the well-established anthropogenic warming trend."He also posted the following to his facebook page:
"Anyone knows journalism help me understand this? Is this what reporters do these days? Add a conclusion, that they like, to other people's work remotely related to the topic, coin a flashy title, and make it big news?"Here's the real kicker to this whole "news story" about Zunli Lu's study. If you go beyond the headline in the Daily Mail article, and read the actual content of the story, you'll find that the headline - the one Robert relied on for the basis of his entire argument - is contradicted by the story itself. Deep within the article, safely tucked away from the prying eyes of conservatives looking to confirm their own biases in false headlines, is the following sentence:
"Lu says his research has no direct bearing on the current climate, and points out that his research is restricted to one area in Antarctica and is not proof that the whole Earth warmed up. "This sentence alone proves Robert didn't bother to read beyond the headline. Imagine that.
Robert often says on his show that he's not there to inform, he's just there to start the conversation. But what does it mean to start a conversation with a false narrative? Isn't that the opposite of informing? Isn't that what's known as misinforming? Would it be too much to ask a guy like Robert to fact check his stories first? Or to at least read beyond the headlines? And what can be said of someone who relies on tabloid headlines for his science, and as a justification to attack science? Pro science? I think not.
Robert then wrapped up the segment with the following diatribe:
"The research was recently published online in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters and will appear in print April 1st, so you can believe that April 1st coming over the weekend, when this comes out, the liberal left is going to be doing everything they can to hide this, to cover it up, because this goes right against everything they've been trying to do. This goes right against the EPA regulations that President Obama is putting into place right now. It goes right in the face of all this green car movement and everything they're trying to do with that on making our cars lighter and things in order to get better gas mileage. It just flies in the face of all this stuff. Because if man is not the cause of global warming, then what have we been doing for all these years now, trying to reduce our quote, carbon footprint. It's a hoax. It's a hoax and it's a tragedy that we've been wasting so much time with this up to this point already. Look, do I want to have a fuel efficient vehicle, absolutely. But it's not because of carbon, it's because I want to save money in the gas tank. Do I want to have a fuel efficient vehicle, sure, because I still want to be resourceful, I still want to be conservative when it comes to conserving the resources of the planet. But to do so at the uh, using a false premise, is wrong."Fancy that, Robert Rees talking about how tragic it is to waste ones time doing things based on false premises, after spending an entire talking segment doing exactly that, and using that false premise to attack the left, and impugn the integrity of climate scientists the world over. And then, to top it all off, accusing his political opponents of wanting to cover this story up. The only people with a motive for covering this story up are people like Robert, unless he gets a thrill from having his attempts at spreading misinformation displayed on the internet.
One final thought regarding Robert Rees; as a member of the reality based community, I can honestly say that Robert is more of an informer than he thinks he is. He provides an invaluable peek into the fantasy world that is the modern conservative mindset; a place where reality is dictated by ideology, not by what can be discerned through judicious study. And for that, he provides a valuable public service.
